How Tattooing Works: The Science of Fine Line Tattoos and the Skin
If you’ve ever wondered how tattoos stay in the skin, this breakdown explains the basics. Understanding the science behind tattooing can help you make informed choices and appreciate the skill behind every piece.
Why Skin Layers Matter in Tattooing
Tattooing happens in the dermis, which sits between the outer layer (epidermis) and the fat layer (hypodermis). This is the most stable place in the skin for long-term ink retention.
Why Doesn’t Tattoo Ink Disappear?
Tattoo ink is deposited in the dermis, the second layer of your skin. The particles are too large for your body to break down, so they stay locked in place—this is what keeps the tattoo visible over time.
What Are You Feeling During a Tattoo?
During a fine line tattoo, you’re feeling a combination of:
Needle contact on the skin’s surface
Your body’s natural response (inflammation, swelling)
Localized, controlled sensation—often described as more annoying than painful
How Does the Tattoo Machine Work?
A modern tattoo machine moves a needle up and down 80–150 times per second, creating micro-punctures. As it moves, it deposits ink into the dermis.
How Artists Control the Process
Your tattoo artist manages key variables to ensure quality:
Voltage (controls needle speed)
Depth (deep enough for permanence, shallow enough to avoid blowout)
Skin handling (to avoid trauma and overworking the area)
What Is Tattoo Blowout?
Blowout is when ink spreads under the skin and looks cloudy or blurred. It happens if the needle goes too deep into the hypodermis (fat layer). Proper training and technique—especially in fine line tattooing—are key to preventing it.